Blog Post #6 Adison Akery
After looking at our plant recently, I realized it was hardly recognizable compared to the tiny stub it used to be. It has grown from a few small leaves to a foot-tall brussel sprout plant. But how did it grow to be so large?
Plants start out as a seed as small as a rough grain of sand. They eventually grow to be much, much larger, and there are reasons for this. The first reason is that the cells within the plant are constantly multiplying. Each cell eventually splits in two through a system called Mitosis. For Mitosis to take place the plant requires energy. That energy is gained in another cellular activity called photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts in a cell, where sunlight causes enzymes to break down oxygen and hydrogen. When oxygen is released, electrons move down the electron transport chain, where hydrogen ions and the free electrons come together to convert NADP to NADPH. ADP is also converted to ATP inside the thylakoid membrane. If photosynthesis cannot take place, there is another system the plant cells use. Cellular respiration is where the plant glucose and oxygen and transports it to the mitochondria. The sugar is converted into energy that the plant uses.
Enzymes need 2 things to be created, mRNA and ribosomes. First, mRNA is made out of RNA polymerase. Then the DNA template is copied onto another mRNA. That mRNA is then transferred out of the nucleus and goes into the cytoplasm, where ribosomes translate the three base nucleotides, or codons, into amino acids. The amino acids form proteins that goes through post-transitional modification in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. If the destination for the protein is outside of the cell, the proteins travel to the golgi apparatus to be packaged. Finally, these proteins go about the cytoplasm and fix carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into mesophyll cells that are in the plant's leaves.
Plants start out as a seed as small as a rough grain of sand. They eventually grow to be much, much larger, and there are reasons for this. The first reason is that the cells within the plant are constantly multiplying. Each cell eventually splits in two through a system called Mitosis. For Mitosis to take place the plant requires energy. That energy is gained in another cellular activity called photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts in a cell, where sunlight causes enzymes to break down oxygen and hydrogen. When oxygen is released, electrons move down the electron transport chain, where hydrogen ions and the free electrons come together to convert NADP to NADPH. ADP is also converted to ATP inside the thylakoid membrane. If photosynthesis cannot take place, there is another system the plant cells use. Cellular respiration is where the plant glucose and oxygen and transports it to the mitochondria. The sugar is converted into energy that the plant uses.
Enzymes need 2 things to be created, mRNA and ribosomes. First, mRNA is made out of RNA polymerase. Then the DNA template is copied onto another mRNA. That mRNA is then transferred out of the nucleus and goes into the cytoplasm, where ribosomes translate the three base nucleotides, or codons, into amino acids. The amino acids form proteins that goes through post-transitional modification in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. If the destination for the protein is outside of the cell, the proteins travel to the golgi apparatus to be packaged. Finally, these proteins go about the cytoplasm and fix carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into mesophyll cells that are in the plant's leaves.
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